Wednesday, 28 November 2012


Who owns the newspapers and TV stations in your country? Do you think this has an effect on the news that you hear?


The Media of Iran are privately and publicly owned but subject to the control of the government. A special court has authority to monitor the print media and may suspend publication or revoke the licenses of papers or journals that a jury finds guilty of publishing antireligious material, slander, or information detrimental to the national interest. Since the late 1990s, the court has shut down many pro-reform newspapers and other periodicals.
Most Iranian newspapers are published in Persian, but newspapers in English and other languages also exist. The most widely circulated periodicals are based in Tehran. Popular daily and weekly newspapers include Ettelaat, Kayhan and Resalat. Iran Daily and Tehran Times are both English language papers.
A number of foreign broadcasts into the country exist, including Persian language programmes from Kol Israel and Radio Farda; however, these broadcasts tend to encounter occasional jamming.[2] The government engages in one of the world's largest and most strict censorship programs to limit 'bad influences' seen in western culture, and anything seen as divergent from the country's strict religious regulations.[3][4] The majority of Iranians -- upwards of 80 percent -- get their news from government-owned media.[5]
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, or IRIB, (Persian: صدا و سيمای جمهوری اسلامی ايران, Sedā va Sima-ye Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān literally Voice (or Sound) and Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran), formerly called the National Iranian Radio and Television until the Islamic revolution of 1979, is a giant Iranian corporation in control of radio and televisionwhich is among the largest media organizations in Asia and Pacific region, and a regular member of Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union.
The freedom of expression and dissemination of thoughts in the Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran must be guaranteed in keeping with the Islamic criteria and the best interests of the country.
The appointment and dismissal of the head of the Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran rests with the Leader. A council consisting of two representatives each of the President, the head of the judiciary branch, and the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Iranian parliament shall supervise the functioning of this organization.
The policies and the manner of managing the organization and its supervision will be determined by law.
Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, IRIB was known as National Iranian Radio & Television
And ofcourse all of these stuff can effect on what we are going to hear and it’s mostly the things that our government want us to hear not what we should hear .

Friday, 23 November 2012


 How often do you read the paper or watch the news on TV? 

How important is it for you to keep up with current events?
  
Mostly I follow the news in Facebook or YouTube, but I don’t usually follow the politics very much or like sport news, mostly I follow the things that are really important and interesting as well.
I don’t read newspapers ,because it’s kind of boring for me and I don’t have a TV to watch the news from it , so basically I get the news from the internet and watch online videos.
Some events that happen in my country and some of the news that is basic from other countries are important for me to check out, for example nowadays my country is having a lot of problems with USA about the nuclear stuff and the sanction that we are under it right now and because of this problem our money is getting less worthy  than before for buying a dollar, so that’s the kind of news I really follow and I make myself updated about them every day and check the rates online in the websites.
Nowadays mostly because we have facebook and we watch youtube channels news come to us and there is no need to look for them because very little thing that happen comes in our homepage and all of us will get it as soon as possible , but for me the news that I like to hear from , I just easily subscribe myself to that page that I like to have the news from and I will check it out very easy and this way I know what I’m looking for and it feeds my interest as well , like for example the new exhibition that is going to open in our university or art galleries that are opening in Malaysia or new fashion styles that my favourite brands are going to have or what are the new promotions for Starbucks and etc .
Basically I love to watch videos online and see what is going on around the world and also I follow BBC very much almost everyday to see what is happening around the world .

Friday, 16 November 2012



Theatre is a branch of the performing arts. Any performance may be considered theatre; however, as a performing art, theatre focuses almost exclusively on live performers creating a self-contained drama. A performance qualifies as dramatic by creating a representational illusion. By this broad definition; theatre had existed since the dawn of man, as a result of the human tendency for storytelling. Since its inception, theatre has come to take on many forms, utilizing speech, gesture, music, dance, writing, and spectacle, combining the other performing arts, often as well as the visual arts, into a single artistic form.
The word derives from the Ancient Greek theatron (
θέατρον) meaning "a place for viewing. Modern Western theatre derives in large measure from Greek drama, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot developments.
Imagine this... it is the age of the caveman. Human beings have begun to live in rough communities with a hierarchy and roles for specific sections of the community. Gender roles have been assigned, men to hunt, women to cook and care for the children. Language is still rudimentary, sounds that convey danger, excitement, gladness, etc., rather than recognisable words. One member has invented or stumbled upon a better way to hunt.

So, as the community gathers at the campfire at night, he steps into that circle of light and demonstrates what he has invented / discovered / learned.

That was theatre then and it still is theatre now. It demonstrates a problem and a solution. In some cases, the solution is not overtly presented but the audience is left to figure out the solution itself. That is because our ability to think in a language empowers us to run dialectic in our heads in order to arrive at a solution or several possible solutions, once the problem has been presented.

And the presentation of that problem is being done exactly as it was those thousands of years ago, by demonstration. Demonstrating a problem rather than narrating it resonates with human beings much greater than narrating it does, all because human beings are hard-wired, through evolution, to pay attention to theatre.
also theatre can show many different cultures and when looking at a performance done by Americans versus one done by the Chinese there very different and the difference gives you a depth on that country's culture - you can learn a lot about a country through their theatre

you could also say that because so much of drama is physical than you don't need to know what is being said to understand the message.

Wednesday, 7 November 2012


Social groups have two types of groups that can be define by primary groups and secondary groups:
Primary groups 
A primary group is a minor social group whose participants share personal and lasting relationships. People joined in primary relationships spend a countless deal of stage together, engage in a wide range of activities, and feel that they know one another well. In short, they show real apprehension for one another. In every society, the family is the most important primary group. Groups based on permanent friendships are also primary groups.
Secondary groups 
In contrast to primary groups, are large groups involving formal and institutional relationships. Secondary relationships involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another. Most secondary groups are short term, beginning and ending without particular significance. They may last for years or may disband after a short time. The formation of primary groups happens within secondary groups.
Some examples of types of groups include the following:
 Peer 
 Group is both a social group and a primary group of people. Peer group may be defined as a group of people who share similarities such as age, background, and social status, with whom a person is associated, and who are likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behaviour Members of a particular peer group often have similar interests and backgrounds, and are bonded by the premise of sameness


Clique 
In the social sciences, the word "clique" is used to describe a group of 2 to 12 (averaging 5 or 6) "persons who interact with each other more regularly and intensely than others in the same setting". Interacting with cliques is part of normative social development regardless of gender, ethnicity, or popularity. Although cliques are most commonly studied during adolescence and middle childhood, they exist in all age groups.


Club 
A dance club 
A club is an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal  service club, for example, exists for voluntary or charitable activities; there are clubs devoted to hobbies and sports, social activities clubs, political and religious clubs, and so forth.



Team
A team comprises a group of people or  animals linked in a common purpose. Teams are especially appropriate for conducting tasks that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks.
A group in itself does not necessarily constitute a team. Teams normally have members with complementary skills and generate synergy through a coordinated effort which allows each member to maximize his/her strengths and minimize his/her weaknesses. Team members need to learn how to help one another, help other team members realize their true potential, and create an environment that allows everyone to go beyond their limitations. 


Monday, 5 November 2012

The forms of media

Video games
 A video game is a computer-controlled game where a video show such as a monitor or television is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text (and which can therefore theoretically be played on a teletypewriter) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device, but there are very few new games in these categories. There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button/joystick combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard & mouse/trackball combination (computer games), or a controller (console games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe. 



Blogging, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal on-line diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (art log), photographs (photo blog), sketch blog, videos (v log), music (MP3 blog), audio (pod-casting) are part of a wider network of social media. Micro blogging is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts.


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               Film
Film' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The name comes from the photographic film (also called film stock), historically the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist—motion pictures (or just pictures and "picture"), the silver screen, photo-plays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks—and commonly movies. Films are produced by recording people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or special effects. They comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown rapidly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision—whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion; a psychological effect identified as beta movement.
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             Newspaper 

A newspaper is a publication containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television. Recent developments on the Internet are posing major threats to its business model, however. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up the bulk of a newspaper's income, is shifting from print to on-line some commentators, nevertheless, point out that historically new media such as radio and television did not entirely supplant existing.


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          Television: 


Television appeals both the auditory and visual senses, and hence is an important communication device as it beholds the attention of the audience. For many people, it is impossible to imagine a life without their television sets, be it the daily news, or even the soap operas. Television has become an advertising hub where advertisers are ready to spend huge amounts for an ad of few seconds, especially for programs with high viewership. An apt example would be, Super Bowl Season. It offers various programs to appeal the masses of different age groups. It is a popular means of communication which provides both information and entertainment. This category also includes electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs as well as the electronic gadgets.
            Radio

The other type of broadcast media is radio. Before the advent of television in the 1950s, most Americans relied on radio broadcasts for their news. Although fewer Americans rely on radio as their primary news source, many people still listen to radio news every day, especially during morning and evening commutes. Local news stations have a particularly large audience because they can report on local weather, traffic, and events.
            Podcasts
Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short video or audio files. They can be seen and heard on mobiles, computers, and portable media instruments. They are engaging devices of communication.

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            Magazines, 

Periodicals, glossies or serials are publications that are printed with ink on paper, generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three. At its root the word magazine refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication it is a collection of written articles.
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            Computer
 Is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.

Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.
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 Websites

Internet has a plethora of websites dedicated to various people, companies, brands, causes, activities, etc. The most significant utility of these websites is for providing information, search engines, downloads through libraries, and interaction through the social networking sites. Because of these websites, carrying out e-commerce transactions has also become easy.